Bioactive compounds in plant extracts are of interest, and metabolomics can be used to analyze plant metabolic processes. As a traditional Chinese medicine with the same origin as medicine and food, its extracts have various biological activities, but the effects of different extraction methods on its active components are not studied, and the bitter components and medicinal value of Baihe are still to be explored.
Fresh white and tuber were purchased, and dried white and powder were extracted from fresh and dried white and tuber by cold and hot extraction methods, respectively, and three biological replicates were set for each.
Dry white and tuber 10g or fresh white and tuber 100g plus 400mL double steaming water, ultrasonic extraction for 20min at ultrasonic power 1000W, frequency 20KHZ, temperature 5℃, and then juice.
After the fresh and dry white and ultrasonic cleaning, the juice was broken by ultrasonic under cold (-4℃ -0 ℃) and hot (80℃ -100 ℃) conditions, filtered by gauze and centrifuged several times, the supernatant was filtered by 0.22µM filter membrane, and freeze-dried into powder for use.
Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis showed that there were significant differences in BSE metabolites obtained by different extraction processes. The orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis model was stable and effective, and could distinguish different extraction processes.
Differential metabolites were screened according to the results of orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis. Different extraction processes showed that the types and contents of differential metabolites were different between fresh and dry white samples, and between cold and hot extraction samples. Ultrasound assisted extraction combined with cold and hot water extraction could increase the yield of flavonoids and terpenoids.
Through non-targeted metabolomics combined with databases and literature, 13 bitter metabolites, such as cinnamic acid and kaempferol, were identified with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and other pharmacological activities, and the content of bitter metabolites was different under different extraction conditions.
The metabolic profiles of Blemishes extract under six extraction methods were studied, and the changes in the biosynthetic pathways of multiple metabolites, bitter metabolites, flavonoids and isoflavones were identified. The extract of Bletilla striata has significant pharmacological potential. Optimizing the extraction method can enhance its therapeutic effect and flavor.
